אֹזֶן
a. From 238 ('âzan )b. Broadness, i.e. concrete, the ear (from its form in man).
Part of speech: Feminine noun
Brown-Driver-Briggs' Definition [241]
Personal Note
Question What is the ear covered by?
Worries, anxieties and concerns? Stubbornness?
Mark 4:14-20
14 The sower sows the Word.
15 The ones along the path are those who have the Word sown [in their hearts], but when they hear, Satan comes at once and [by force] takes away the message which is sown in them.
16 And in the same way the ones sown upon stony ground are those who, when they hear the Word, at once receive and accept and welcome it with joy;
17 And they have no real root in themselves, and so they endure for a little while; then when trouble or persecution arises on account of the Word, they immediately are offended (become displeased, indignant, resentful) and they stumble and fall away.
18 And the ones sown among the thorns are others who hear the Word;
19 Then the cares and anxieties of the world and distractions of the age, and the pleasure and delight and false glamour and deceitfulness of riches, and the craving and passionate desire for other things creep in and choke and suffocate the Word, and it becomes fruitless.
20 And those sown on the good (well-adapted) soil are the ones who hear the Word and receive and accept and welcome it and bear fruit—some thirty times as much as was sown, some sixty times as much, and some [even] a hundred times as much.
Luke 10:38-42
38 Now while they were on their way, it occurred that Jesus entered a certain village, and a woman named Martha received and welcomed Him into her house.
39 And she had a sister named Mary, who seated herself at the Lord’s feet and was listening to His teaching.
40 But Martha [overly occupied and too busy] was distracted with much serving; and she came up to Him and said, Lord, is it nothing to You that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her then to help me [to lend a hand and do her part along with me]!
41 But the Lord replied to her by saying, Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things;
42 There is need of only one or but a few things. Mary has chosen the good portion that which is to her advantage], which shall not be taken away from her.
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1. Ozen means "ear, audience, hearing."
2. It mainly designates a part of the body. The first mention is in Genesis 20:8 [KJV], "Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid. "
3. The ear was the place for earrings (Genesis 35:4 [KJV], "And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. " ); thus it might be pierced as a token of perpetual servitude (Exodus 21:6 [KJV], "Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever. ").
4. Several verbs are found in relation to "ear":
4a. "to inform"; Ezekiel 24:26 [KJV], "That he that escapeth in that day shall come unto thee, to cause thee to hear it with thine ears? "
Messianic Verse? Ezekiel 24:24-27
24 Thus Ezekiel is unto you a sign: according to all that he hath done shall ye do: and when this cometh, ye shall know that I am the Lord God.
25 Also, thou son of man, shall it not be in the day when I take from them their strength, the joy of their glory, the desire of their eyes, and that whereupon they set their minds, their sons and their daughters,
26 That he that escapeth in that day shall come unto thee, to cause thee to hear it with thine ears?
27 In that day shall thy mouth be opened to him which is escaped, and thou shalt speak, and be no more dumb: and thou shalt be a sign unto them; and they shall know that I am the Lord.
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4b. "To pay attention"; Psalms 10:17 [KJV], "Lord, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear: "
Personal Note I believe God prepares my heart to receive all the wonderful blessings He has in store for me. The love of God for me is the light that shines on and in my heart. That light reveals the state or condition of my heart that has been corrupted by the life I lived without God. The "flesh" is the giving in to my desires that are out of line with God's advice to "love your neighbour as yourself". The light or love of God restrains those desires and align them with God's advice to love. It is painful. It is uncomfortable. It takes a great amount of resisting. That resistance is done with the empowerment from God. |
4c. "To listen"; Psalms 78:1 [KJV], "Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth. "
4e. "To make deaf"; Isaiah 6:10 [KJV], "Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed. "
Personal Note "Make the heart of this people fat" reminds me of the "fatted calf" that was killed in the parable of the Prodigal Son. Question It seems to me that the "fatted calf" refers to the "fat heart" in Isaiah 6:10. Perhaps a "fat heart" is in reference to those desires that are out of line with God's advice to "love your neighbour as yourself"? |
4f. "To tingle"; 1 Samuel 3:11 [KJV], "And the Lord said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. "
5. Animals are also said to have "ears"; Proverbs 26:17 [KJV], "He that passeth by, and meddleth with strife belonging not to him, is like one that taketh a dog by the ears. "
6. God is idiomatically said to have "ears"; Psalms 102:2 [KJV], " Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily. "
NB: Hide thy face = refuse to answer
Elsewhere, "And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the Lord. " [1 Samuel 8:21].
In order to allow man to receive direction from his Creator, the LORD:
6a. "Pierces" (i.e. opens up ears); Psalms 40:6 [KJV], "Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. "
6b. Implants ears; Psalms 94:9 [KJV], "He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? "
6c. Fashions ears; Proverbs 20:12 [KJV], "The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them. "
6d. As the Creator, He is also able to hear and respond to the needs of His people; Psalms 94:9 [KJV], "He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? "
7. The Lord reveals His words to the "ears" of His prophets; 1 Samuel 9:15 [KJV], "Now the Lord had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying, "
8. Since the Israelites had not responded to the prophetic message, they had made themselves spiritually deaf; Jeremiah 5:21 [KJV], "Hear now this, O foolish people, and without understanding; which have eyes, and see not; which have ears, and hear not:"
9. After the Exile, the people of God were to experience a spiritual awakening and new sensitivity to God's Word which, in the words of Isaiah, is to be compared to the opening of the "ears"; Isaiah 50:5 [KJV], "The Lord God hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. "
Meaning of Proverbs 26:17 1. That which is here condemned is meddling with strife that belongs not to us.If we must not be hasty to strive in our own cause (Proverbs 25:8), much less in other people's, especially theirs that we are no way related to or concerned in, but light on accidentally as we pass by. If we can be instrumental to make peace between those that are at variance we must do it, though we should thereby get the ill-will of both sides, at least while they are in their heat; but to make ourselves busy in other men's matters, and parties in other men's quarrels, is not only to court our own trouble, but to thrust ourselves into temptation. Who made me a judge? Let them end it, as they began it, between themselves. 2. We are cautioned against it because of the danger it exposes us to; it is like taking a snarling cur by the ears, that will snap at you and bite you; you had better have let him alone, for you cannot get clear of him when you would, and must thank yourselves if you come off with a wound and dishonour. He that has gota dog by the ears, if he lets him go he flies at him, if he keeps his hold, he has his hands full, and can do nothing else. Let every one with quietness work and mind his own business, and not with unquietness quarrel and meddle with other people's business. Source. |
Dog (כלב kelev, Strong's #3611): The Hebrew word kelev meaning dog is only mentioned 31 times in the Hebrew Bible but never refers to an actual dog. Some references to dogs are as analogies such as in Psalm 59:6 - They return at evening, they howl like a dog, And go round about the city. Many references to dogs portray them in a negative light - His watchmen are blind, they are all without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; dreaming, lying down, loving to slumber. Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough (Isaiah 56:10,11). Source. |
6. God is idiomatically said to have "ears"; Psalms 102:2 [KJV], " Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily. "
NB: Hide thy face = refuse to answer
idioms plural of id·i·om (Noun) Noun A group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., raining cats and...
A form of expression natural to a language, person, or group of people: "he had a feeling for phrase and idiom".
Idioms
An idiom is an expression whose meaning is different from the meaning of its constituent words. Knowledge of idioms is an important part of comprehension of the English language. Source.
Ancient Hebrew Idioms
Source : http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/24_idioms.html
"Do not be conformed to the pattern of this world but be transformed by the renewing of your mind" -- Romans 12: 1, 2.
Our minds must be made new, to understand the difficult passages of scripture and the hidden Hebrew idioms. This renewal is aided by investigation, analysis, and carefully examination of the Bible, instead of just reading it. (Source: http://www.search-the-scriptures.org/hidden_hebrew_idioms.htm)
HEBREW IDIOM MEANING EXAMPLE
a (the) door was opened door of spiritual truth Rev. 4:1
abar’ka’dabara (Aramaic) I will create as I speak Gen. 1:1
Abraham’s seed same as Yah’s seed Gen. 12:3
Arrogance of heart arrogant Isa. 9.9
Bad/Evil eye stingy Prov. 23.6
Beginning of his strength his firstborn Deut. 21.17
Big of phallus lustful Ezek. 16.26
bind forbid Matt. 16:19-20
Break teeth make powerless Ps. 3.7
Breath personality
Genesis 2:7
And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.God gave me His personality. hence, I am created in His image, i.e. with His personality.
Broken the yoke rejected God's authority Jer. 5.5
Clean hands act purely Ps. 24.4
Close hand selfish Deut. 15.7
Clouds without water no Torah/law Jude 12
Covered his feet relieved himself 1Sam. 24.3
Cycles of rightiousness cycles of Feasts, Sabbaths, etc. Psa. 23:3
Dead stones singular person
Deliver them into your hands defeat them for you Jgs. 3.28
Dirst came out gutted (entralls) Jgs. 3:22
Do what they did sew seed like Abraham Mark 4:8
Double heart duplicitous Ps. 12.2
Dries bones drains strength Prov. 17.22
Ears are uncircumcised don't listen Jer. 6.10
Elder torah observant man over 50..tradition
Enlarge space set free Ps. 4.1
Evil eye cheapskate, selfish, no charity
When he spoke of the bad eye, Yahshua wasn't talking about bad eye sight or the need for lasik surgery! From the context it is easy to grasp that Yahshua was using a Hebrew expression to comment on people's greed. Each time Yahshua spoke of the eye being good or evil, or "plucking out the eye," he was speaking of the issue of greed. An evil eye is a greedy eye. A person with an evil eye is controlled by the desire to receive for self. (Source:http://www.search-the-scriptures.org/hidden_hebrew_idioms.htm )
"And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire," Matthew 18:9. Yahshua was not literally suggesting his followers mutilate themselves. Such a literal suggestion and teaching would be a direct contradiction and violation to Torah. "You are the children of YHWH your Elohim. Do not cut yourselves," Devarim 14:1. Yahshua in the previous verse was suggesting that we run away from greed and idolatry. We should take precautions to guard and protect ourselves from the evil eye of want, to get rid of the evil eye of desire. (Source:http://www.search-the-scriptures.org/hidden_hebrew_idioms.htm )
Eye of a needle impossibility
Eye is consumed vision is blurred Ps. 6.7
Eyes run down with water eyes flow with tears Lam. 1.16
Eyes are upon watches over Ps. 33.18
Face fallen sad Gen. 4:6
Face to face personally witnessed something divine Gen. 32:30
Fear respect/reverence
Feet person Isa. 52.7
Flowing with milk and honey fertile Exod. 3.8
Found grace in the eyes accepted Gen 6:8
From the womb from birth Jgs. 13.5
Fruit of the mouth what someone says Prov.. 18.20
Gave him another heart changed his attitude 1Sam. 10.9
Gird up your loins get ready 2Kgs. 4.29
Good eye generous Prov. 22.9
Good news is in his mouth he brings good news 2Sam. 18.25
Grapes of Sodom opium/poppies Deut. 32:31-33
Grapes of wrath judgement time Rev. 14:19
Hard forehead stubborn Ezek. 3.7
Having a bad eye cheap, uncharitable Matt. 6:22
He who awakens and he who answers every single person Mal. 2.12
Her sickness her period Lev. 20.18
Hide your face refuse to answer Ps. 102.2
His anger burned very angry Exod. 32.19
Heart mind Deut. 28.28
Heart lifted up proud Deut. 8.14
Heart melt lose courage Deut. 20.8
Hearts and kidneys thoughts and emotions Ps. 7.9
His banner over me is love he loves me very much Song 2.4
Hissing scorn Jer 51.37
House of bondage (land of) slavery Deut 5.6
House nation 2Sam. 1.12
Hung himself fell on his sword (suicide) 1Sam. 31:4b-5, 2Sam. 1:6, Acts 1:18,
Iniquity in my hands guilty Ps. 7.3
In that day when Messiah comes Zech. 3:10
It is finished no more sacrifices John 19:30, Rev. 16:17
Joy will crown their heads they will be joyful Isa. 35.10
Knew no quiet in their bellies greedy Job 20.20
Kneel over have sex with Job 31.10
Lift up my soul pray Ps. 25.1
Living stones multiple persons
Lamp will go out will die Prov. 24.20
Let the dead bury the dead “Let the dead bury the dead” means make a clear and total break with the spiritually dead. “Dead” is a noun. (Luke 9:59-62 Matt. 8:18-20)
Let fall neglect (3) Esther 6.10
libation fine drink
Lift up your head restore to honor Gen. 40.13
Lifted heel against turned against Ps. 41.9
Lift up eyes be aware of something Ps. 121.1
Lift horn defy God Ps. 75.5
Little man of the eye pupil Ps. 17.8
Loins descendants Exod. 1.5
Long of anger slow to get angry Exod. 34.6
Look each other in the face meet each other in battle 2Chr. 25.17
loose permit it, allow it Matt. 16:19-20,
Mercies of God 13 attributes of Yah Rom. 12:1, Exod. 34:6-7, Mighty hand force Exod. 3.19
Mountain things representing authority Matt. 17:20
Myriads of thousands millions, like grains of sand Num. 10:35,
My name me Mal. 1.11
New wineskin new teaching, expandable Luke 5:37
Nimrod fool, idiot
No man knows the day or hour Feast of Trumpets Matt. 25:13, Rev. 3:3,
No one comes to the Father but through the Son: entrance to the Holy Place John 14:6
None is bereaved none is missing Song 4.2
Number days use time wisely Ps. 90.12
Oil of gladness joy Isa. 61.3
Old wineskin someone learned in his ways Luke 5:37
One who urinates against a wall male 1Sam. 25.22
Open the womb be born Exod. 13.2
Open hand generosity Esther 1.7
Opens the ear informs, reveals Job 33.16
Open mouth wide sneer Isa. 57.4
Planted created Ps. 94.9
Possess gates capture cities Gen. 24.60
Promotion comes from the north comes from Yah
Put hand on harm Job 1.12
Rabbi torah teacher over 30..tradition
rain life & teachings (Torah) Mark 4:26
Remove the foreskin of your heart dedicate yourselves fully to God Jer 4.4
Right hand might Ps. 89.13
Rosh poppy plant head
Rooster crows Temple crier John 13:38, Mark 14:30
Sage Torah observant wise man over 70..tradition
Said in heart thought to self Gen. 27.41
Saw his face had access to him Esther 1.14
Seed descendants Gen. 22.17
Seek your life want to kill you Jer. 4.30
Seek my face seek me Ps. 27.8
Send a hand against assassinate Esther 2.21
Slack hands abandon Josh. 10.6
Slept died 1Kgs. 2.10
Small of hand weak 2Kgs. 19.26
Snorts scoffs Ps. 10.5
Suck the milk of nations receive the wealth of other countries Isa. 60.16
Sweet water water fit to drink Exod. 15.25
Soft heart fearful Job 23.16
Sons of the prophets group of prophets 2Kgs. 2.7
Sons of people of Jer 50.33
Son of Jesse, David, man Yeshua Job 35.8
Son of the morning morning star Isa. 14.12
Son of wickedness wicked person Ps. 89.22
Soul person Lev. 22.6
Spread feet offer self for sex Ezek 16.25
Stiffened his neck became stubborn 2Chr. 36.13
Squat outside defecate (toilet) Deut 23.13
Swallowed alive killed Ps. 124.3
take my yoke (not burdensome) a Rabbi’s pitch 1John 5:3, Matt. 11:29
theif in the night High priest in the Temple 1Ths. 5:2, Rev. 3:3;16:15 Their throat is an open grave they speak deceitfully Ps. 5.9
The portion of their cup their destiny Ps. 11.6
The way of women menstruation Gen. 31.35
Thousand years long time, not 1000 2Pet. 3:8
Thorn in the side Putting up with the Canaanites, pagans 2Cor. 12:7, Jgs. 2:2-3,
Tongue struts through the earth arrogantly order everyone Ps. 73.9
Trees of life Torah scrolls...tradition
Twilight after 3:00pm
Until the day breathes until dawn Song 2.17
under the fig tree at peace John 1:48
under the thigh penis, place of generation Gen. 24:2
unto heaven high walls or towers Gen. 11:3-4, Deut. 1:28
Walls pain Jer. 4.19
Water of gall opium derivitive Deut. 32:31-33
Waters spring of water Jer. 9.1
Wells without water no Torah (water) 2Pet. 2:17
What comes from you excrement Deut. 23.13
Where I caused my name to dwell where I chose to be worshiped Jer. 7.12
Wine of wrath my anger Jer. 25.15
Wormwood poppies/grapes of gall Deut. 32:31-33
Yah’s seed same as Abraham’s seed Gen. 12:3
Yoke teachings Matt. 11:29-30
If yoke is teachings, what is burden?
In New Testament times the phrase “take the yoke of” was used by the Jewish rabbis to mean, “Become the disciple of a certain teacher.” Christ’s use of the word “yoke” meant, “The way of God as I teach it”. The “yoke” was a symbol of partnership with Christ and the Lordship of Christ.
To all who come to him Jesus gives “rest”, or “relief, ease, refreshment, recreation and blessed quiet” (Amplified Bible). The “rest” Jesus offers is not an invitation to relax and take things easy but to a life of obedience to his teaching. Nor does he promise a life without suffering, struggle and disappointment. Jesus offers rest from the burden of sin and a guilty conscience. This is the rest of being reconciled to God through his sacrifice for our sin on the cross. As we experience God’s forgiveness, so our conscience is at peace. We experience “peace with God” (Romans 5:1) and “the peace of God” (Philippians 4:7).
Jesus brings relief, release and satisfaction to the human personality. Matthew also intended Jesus’ words about “rest” as a contrast with the Sabbath rules of the Pharisees that feature in the following chapter. The legalism of the Pharisees with its elaborate rules put “heavy loads on men’s shoulders” (Matthew 23:4). The promise of “rest for your souls” comes from Jeremiah 6:16. Jesus offers the true Sabbath-rest that is based on grace, not works of self-righteousness. It is the rest of faith in the finished work of salvation by Christ on the cross (Hebrews 4:9-10). There is a sharp contrast between light burden of Jesus and the heavy burden of the Pharisees. Source: http://www.cultwatch.com/Devotional35.html
“Your seed will possess the gate of your enemies” is a Hebrew idiom meaning: “Your seed will conquer your enemies” (Gen. 22:17, Jgs. 16:3).
Hebrew idioms that could be misunderstood if read literally:
1. 1 Samuel 10:9 When Saul had turned his back to go from Samuel, Godgave him another heart;
Meaning: God changed his mind
2. Psalm 75.5 Do not lift up your horn on high; do not speak with a stiff neck.’
Meaning: Do not rebel
3. Isaiah 57.4 Against whom do you make a wide mouth and stick out the tongue?
Meaning: do you sneer
4. Jeremiah 4.4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your hearts,
Meaning: Commit yourselves and commit yourselves fully
Note that physical circumcision is a physical mark of commitment to the LORD….and, therefore, the ‘circumcision’ of other parts of the body is used as an idiom that symbolises commitment to the LORD, or the lack of commitment to the LORD, as in:
Ezekiel 44:9 Thus says the Lord GOD: ‘No foreigner, uncircumcised in heart or uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter My sanctuary,
Habakkuk 2:16 You are filled with shame instead of glory. …be exposed asuncircumcised!
Acts 7:51 You stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears!
Acts 11:3 You went in to uncircumcised men and ate with them!
5. Jeremiah 6.10 Indeed their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot give heed.
Meaning: Indeed they do not listen
6. Matthew 5.29 If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and cast it from you;
Meaning: If your decision or your will
Note that this idiom must NOT be taken literally, as some enthusiasts have done over the centuries.
7. Matthew 8.21 Another of His disciples said to Him, "Lord, let me first go and bury my father."
Meaning: collect my inheritance. The disciple obviously considered that he could not afford togive up his day job and follow Jesus....until his father died and he inherited enough cash!
8. Matthew 16.19 Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven
Meaning: to forbid and to allow
9. Luke 14:26 If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple.
Meaning: The Ancient Hebrew pictographs for ‘hate’, ‘sane’, are a thorn and a seed. A thorn is the seed of a plant with small sharp points, which causes one to turn direction to avoid them. Therefore, in the Bible, ‘to hate someone’ really means ‘to avoid them’, as in the following two examples:
Genesis 29.31 When the LORD saw that Leah was unloved, ’sane’, hated/avoided
Amos 5:15 Hate ‘sane’ evil, love good; = Avoid dysfunction, be committed to function
10. Luke 23:42 Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom.
Meaning: intercede for me (as my Advocate with God)
Idioms Study Resources http://jewishstudies.eteacherbiblical.com/2012/08/cataloging-the-new-testaments-hebraisms-parts-1-5/ http://www.tishrei.org/number4.html http://www.razzberrypress.com/jewish_phrases_and_idioms.html http://bibleforums.org/showthread.php/212994-Understanding-Hebrew-idioms-and-figures-of-speech http://www.mayimhayim.org/Hebrew%20Perspectives/Biblical%20Idioms.RX5.htm http://judaicaworld.wordpress.com/o-t-hebrew-idioms-explained/ Bible Study http://aleppocodex.org/homepage.html |
Elsewhere, "And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the Lord. " [1 Samuel 8:21].
In order to allow man to receive direction from his Creator, the LORD:
6a. "Pierces" (i.e. opens up ears); Psalms 40:6 [KJV], "Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. "
6b. Implants ears; Psalms 94:9 [KJV], "He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? "
6c. Fashions ears; Proverbs 20:12 [KJV], "The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the Lord hath made even both of them. "
6d. As the Creator, He is also able to hear and respond to the needs of His people; Psalms 94:9 [KJV], "He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? "
7. The Lord reveals His words to the "ears" of His prophets; 1 Samuel 9:15 [KJV], "Now the Lord had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying, "
8. Since the Israelites had not responded to the prophetic message, they had made themselves spiritually deaf; Jeremiah 5:21 [KJV], "Hear now this, O foolish people, and without understanding; which have eyes, and see not; which have ears, and hear not:"
9. After the Exile, the people of God were to experience a spiritual awakening and new sensitivity to God's Word which, in the words of Isaiah, is to be compared to the opening of the "ears"; Isaiah 50:5 [KJV], "The Lord God hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. "
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